Zaitsev's Rule: Carbon more likely to lose H+ is the one with fewer hydrogens.
Nucleophilicity:kinetic concept - how good is it at reacting - how fast is it as reacting - how little extra energy does it need to react - matter with solventgood nucleophilicity = good at reactingin protic solvent: I- > OH- > F-in aprotic solvent: OH- > F- > I-Basicity:thermodynamic concept - how stable are the reactants or the products - how badly something would like to react - does not matter with solventOH- > F- > Cl- > Br- > I-
Aprotic Solvent:I- > Br- > Cl- > F- (nucleophilicity)(F-: tight "water shell" surrounded due to its small size) Protic Solvent:F- > Cl- > Br- > I- (nucleophilicity)
sp3 orbital:A combination of s and p orbitals with 25% s character and 75% p character. It is what exists when carbon forms bonds.
common naming:两个:di-systematic naming:两个:bis- isopropyl = (1-methylethyl)Y字型note: diisoproyl = bis(1-methylethyl)
前缀1-Meth2-Eth3-Prop4-But5-Pent6-Hex7-Hept8-Oct9-Non10-Dec11-Undec12-Dodec13-Tridec14-Tetradec15-Pentadec16-Hexadec17-Heptadec18-Octodec19-Nonadec20-Iso后缀Alkane环Cyclo+前缀+后缀